Pulsatilla vulgaris

One of the most tactile flowers I can think of, Pulsatilla vulgaris, is also known as the Pasqueflower. Pasque comes from 'Easter' (Pasqua the Italian - finally high school Italian pays off!) and it predictably flowers around Easter. As you can see from the photo, it is very hairy and this invites you to touch, to stroke it.

It is pretty much a fuss-free alpine perennial, and mine flower at home in my north-facing garden close to the house. So it can be placed in sun or shade, though in a shady space they will flower a few weeks later.* It might look delicate, but it is very hardy, surviving the long cold winter of 2010-11. Bees like its pollen too, so it has wildlife value, and it's seed head is also very pretty, extending the period you can enjoy it. Finally, it is happy in containers, which means you don't even need much of a garden to grow it in.

Pulsatilla vulgaris is a beautiful flower that delights anew each year. I wouldn't be without it.


*These photos were taken at Waterperry Gardens at the end of March.

First day of the month in the front garden: April 2012

March was such a warm month and subsequently plants really started taking off so that by the first of April, the front garden is much more lush than that of March.

The broad beans have taken off fantastically, and in fact started flowering just after mid-March, very very early. I wonder if that will reduce the effects of black fly when they come, as they will in summer?

By first of April the leaves on my pear trees also started unfolding. Though they are now 4 years old, they were moved house (garden?!) after the 2nd year, which seemed to have rather halted their growth a bit. I'm hoping they will be more settled in this year and I'll get more growth and blossom.

I planted out some Lettuce Bronze Arrow seedlings a week ago, and they are taking off nicely. What a lovely colour! This variety starts off quite bronze, but develops into a more green-like lettuce with bronze tinges (click on the link to see what the mature lettuce looks like). This is my favourite lettuce as it gets growing early in the year and will keep going even through first frosts (you need to cover it to get it through winter). It's doesn't immediately bolt. And best of all, I love the slightly nutty flavour of the leaves, and it looks pretty too. What's not to like?!

I have spinach that I grew over winter that are ready to pick, and the empty space in the picture above, should see young perennial kale 'daubenton' plants in situ by the beginning of next month. This is an experiment, the first time I have grown a perennial kale. I'm hoping it will give two yields, as food, and as some over winter structure and interest to the front garden. Will be interesting to see how this pans out over the coming months.

Enjoying the spring sun was the rosemary, tulips, jonquil narcissus and cat-Merlyn :-)

And the lovely Prunus (non-fruiting) is almost ready to burst into flower. It's a beautiful breath-taking sight - I'll try and remember to take some photos of it in full flower.

I'm getting frequent visit by goldfinches too, a flower of the bird world. They smartly sit on the electricity wire, way out of reach of cat-Merlyn. As the beginning of April has suddenly turned cold again, a shock after such a warm March, their chirping is a welcome sound, reminding me that spring hasn't disappeared, just taken a short holiday. I hope...!

Busy spring sowing begins, and how to protect fresh sowings

Narcissi amongst the strawberries

I'm a bit behind with the sowing of seeds both in pots and down at the lottie. Today I managed to catch up a bit on both.

I have found that I have no luck sowing broad beans direct to soil at the lottie. Most of them get eaten before they have a chance to send up the first leaves, and those that do get destroyed either by slugs or by the mice eating the rest of the seed anyway.

So I've sown lots and lots of broad beans in pots today, including Martock and Red Bristow, which I got from the Heritage Seed Library, along with oldies but goodies Aquadulce Claudia, Express, Witkiem and Bunyards Exhibition. I'll let them get to a decent size before I take them down to the plot to plant. I also sowed in pots tomatoes, aubergines, various brassicas and calabrese, and some Echinacea purpurea.

Young garlic plants, from autumn planting

Down at the lottie itself I found my garlic coming along nicely. I got to work preparing a couple of beds for sowing. I pulled up the last of the parsnips, so we will be having roast parsnips in the next day or so! Also collected the last of the Brussels Sprouts and pulled the remains up. Then, because I'm behind and didn't do this in February, I sowed my first parsnips for this year. I also sowed my first rows of golden and rainbow chard and a row of perpetual spinach.

Ok, what's going on here you ask? This is the three rows of chard and spinach I sowed, then with some sticks on top to help protect them. Protect them from what? Well, not complete sure, but at least foxes, and probably cats and other creatures. I've found in the past that once I've nicely weeded a bed then sown new seedlings, I can come back a few days later to find it half dug over and tell-tale footprints around the rows.

To combat this problem, I've found that if I put down some sticks over the rows, including some sticking out, that seems to deter the creatures and allow my seedlings to grow. Once they are an inch or so high, I can remove the sticks as they don't appear to get disturbed once they get to this point. It's odd I know, but it seems to work and we get our food, so that's what matters, right?!

Lottie in early spring

Overall, I felt I managed to catch up a little and feeling pretty pleased with how the plot is looking. I've decided to try to not to worry if I think I'm 'late' with getting my seedlings going. After all, this is meant to be fun and relaxing, as well as a way of growing my own food.

First day of the month in the front garden: March 2012

The first of March. February, gosh, February, what a month. The weather went from deep freeze to being almost able to wear t-shirts. Only almost. I've never become quite British enough that I start stripping the moment the sun comes out... But I hardly got into the garden or down to the allotment. Between my two engaging but very busy long-hours freelance jobs, being ill for a week with a flu-virus and then having my back play up, well, you can see that I barely had a chance to garden, let alone blog.

I did finally get into the garden for a short time last Sunday, and did some tidying up at the front, getting rid of anything damaged by the hard frosts from earlier in February and pulling up weeds that have suddenly sprouted in the warmer latter part of February. If you compare the top photo to those from 1st February, it doesn't look a lot different.

But there are some subtle changes. The spring flowers are awakening.

Today started deeply foggy but by lunchtime it burned off and the sun shone. And in the sun the beautiful crocus 'Whitewell Purple' simply sparkled.

This is probably my favourite crocus. It has the most delicate silky purple-blue to mauve petals that glimmer in the sun. The orange of the stamen matches perfectly. It closes in the dark or on cloudy days, then bursts open the moment the sun peeks from behind a cloud. What's more, they are one of the easiest to grow, you don't need a whiff of experience, and they'll happily self seed in abundance, giving you more beauty each year.

As you can see, I have them in beds and in pots. I cannot get enough of them. This pot will have months of interest too. I have narcissi following, then Tulipa 'Spring Green' and by the time the bulbs are over, the two grasses will have grown and have began to take over.

Primula Vulgaris.

Not much to say. Simple beauty, happy self seeder. I love it. It's not spring without Primula Vulgaris.

A seven-spotted lady bird appears to have done some chewing on the leaves of Tulipa turkestanica. These will start flowering in the next week or so, and usually last several weeks. I've got them growing with the strawberries, giving some interest in this part of the border whilst the strawberry plants get going. By the time the strawberry leaves grow and take over and their flowers come out, the Tulipa turkestanica will have died off and returned to the ground until next year.

My potted fig has Fritillaria acmopetala coming up, along with Tulip Queen of the Night. Both have maroon flowers (maroon and yellow/cream in the case of the fritillary) which I think complement the turquoise pot quite nicely. And again, by the time they die off the fig leaves will be coming out - which helps to hide the wiring behind the pot!

I love the side view of the ladybird - such dainty legs. Coming up behind is Anemone blanda. I can see this year I'll be getting more flowers than last year, so they must be happy where I have planted them.

I think if it is sunny tomorrow, this Crocus chrysanthus 'Cream Beauty' will open up fully.

And finally, let's not forget the vegetables! A couple of the broad bean plants got hit by frost, but after cutting the damaged bits out, the rest look really healthy. And the garlic is also taking off.

And see, more primroses. I also have crocosmia whose shoots will start coming up soon. The flowers should be out just after the broad beans have been finished. I'll probably put in some lettuce after the broad beans to fill the gaps.

Although the initial overview photo may have given the impression not much had changed in a month, on closer inspection you find lovely spring flowers, lady birds and vegetable growth. I wonder if the change will be more obvious by 1st April?

Tips for increasing potato yields

When at potato day at the end of January, I picked up Alan Wilson's new book, The People's Potatoes. I've already written about the engaging talk he gave on 20 Challenges and Opportunities for Potatoes, which he also talks about in the book. The first half of the book includes interesting chapters that cover topics from understanding the biology and growth of potatoes, the production of seed potatoes, chapters on both commercial and home/allotment potato growing, and one on pests and diseases. The second half of the book goes on to detail Alan's top 100 potatoes, then a reference section covering a further 300 potatoes also grown in the UK.

It's great to have the reference section and detailed listing of so many potatoes as it is not easy to get this information in books generally, or even by searching the web. I can see that I'll be referring to this section regularly to get more information about the potatoes I grow, or might grow in the future.

The book also contains some wonderful tips for growing potatoes and increasing yields. It goes beyond general advice you usually get, such as remembering to earth up your potatoes and when to dig them up. Below is a summary of some of the key points (in my opinion) from the book that should help increase your potato yields.

1. The most productive potato plants are those produce a good leaf canopy, and the longer the leaves remain, the higher the potato yield. I found this interesting as we are often told you shouldn't feed potatoes nitrogen as it will just encourage leafy growth at the detriment of the potatoes in the ground. BUT, as the book says, a good leaf canopy means there is more area to intercept light, which via photosynthesis is turned into energy for the plant. This helps it develop good roots systems that extract the water and nutrients needed to increase yields.

2. Stem numbers are key. That is, the more stems that come direct from the ground and form a leaf canopy, the higher the yield. Stems that grow direct from the seed potato you planted are 'main stems' and these usually produce tubers. So the more main stems, the more tubers. Stems that branch off from the main stem are 'secondary stems' and these don't usually produce tubers unless the branching point is close to the seed potato. That is, the branching out happens quite low down at the base of the plant.

3. Watering. The key growth stage for potatoes is usually 3-4 weeks after a plant has first emerged from the ground. The plant sets tubers at this early stage, so a lack of water or soil moisture at this point will effect the yield. Potatoes of course need watering throughout their growth cycle, particularly in hot weather if you are to maintain yields. But it's particularly important that they are well watered at this point if you want your potatoes to set more tubers. And don't forget that the more organic matter your soil has, the more moisture and therefore the better chance of increased yields.

4. Foliage die back. When the foliage starts to die back, the plant is coming to the end of its life cycle. But where the foliage starts to die back is very important. If the dying back starts at the base of the plant and moves up the leaf canopy, you should have healthy tubers. However, if the lower leaves are healthy but the upper leaves are turning yellow, it may be the plant is suffering an attack from a pest or disease, or lacking nutrition.

5. Digging up. Don't start digging up all the tubers as soon as foliage starts dying, unless you intend on eating them all fresh! As the plants die back, tubers start to form a skin, called setting a skin. This helps the tubers to develop a protective layer, which is particularly important if you want to store your potatoes for any length of time. You need to allow 2-4 weeks from when die back begins before digging up the crop that you intend on storing. Allowing the tubers to set their skin helps prevent water loss, stops tubers from going soft, and reduces the risk of disease. So, for fresh earlies, harvest whilst the leaves are still green. To store, wait for the skin to set.

6. Inside the potato. Generally, though not always, lower dry matter (i.e. less than 20% starch) is typical of earlies, and usually (but not always) produces smooth waxy potatoes that are good for salads. Potatoes with a higher dry matter content (more than 22% starch), produce more floury roast/baking potatoes. For boiling potatoes, avoid using high dry matter varieties. Or if you do boil them, do so for less time, so they don't break up.

The book goes into more detail than I have here, but hopefully it gives an indication of it's usefulness. I learned a lot of new things about how to grow potatoes, and also the reasons why you should do things a particular way.

I recommend this book to anyone who enjoys growing and eating potatoes. It's intelligent and engaging, and I expect my yields will be increasing this year. And that makes for a happy belly.